Most mRNA programs begin the same way. A coding sequence or gene of interest is selected. A codon optimization tool is run. The GC content looks acceptable. The sequence is ordered. Then expression is lower than expected, stability is inconsistent, innate immune activation appears, and manufacturing yields are unpredictable. The assumption was simple: optimize codon frequency and translation will improve. Reality is more complex. Codon optimization is only one variable in a m

This article compares turbulent mixers (solvent injection) and extrusion methods, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and practical applications to help you decide which method suits your needs best.

In recent conversations with clients, there's been a surge of interest around a rather intriguing subject in the biotech world: lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and, specifically, the state-of-the-art mixing techniques used in their production. Clients do not know the difference between the turbulent mixing approach and that of microfluidics - they often come to us to enlighten them and explain which one is better! Over the years, our team has witnessed the evolution of numerous m