Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become essential tools in delivering nucleic acids like mRNA and siRNA for vaccines and gene therapies. A critical but often overlooked aspect of LNP development is the choice of formulation buffers. These buffers influence particle stability, encapsulation efficiency, and ultimately, clinical success. This guide breaks down the common buffers used in LNP formulation and storage, highlights what commercial and clinical products use, and helps y